Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

carro wrote:
YvesTh wrote:

Very interesting but the soundboard of an acoustic piano needs to be extremely sophisticated because it is vibrated solely by the strings and the sound character of the piano is created by this soundboard. In the case of a digital piano, the soundboard is vibrated by transducers and the signal can be easily controlled by software. A speaker (small and without any wood) can reproduce a grand piano very well. In this case, a soundboard is supposed to do the same as speaker but with a more diffuse sound to create more realism, it doesn't need same characteristics than a real onebI mean. I think the main thing is that this board can reproduce the entire spectrum.
However, I would add a very important psychoacoustic and visual effect that allows you to appreciate the sound of a piano coming from a wooden soundboard rather than a speaker.
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Of course what ever is your goal, your desired end result for the board defines everything for your work.

As an engineer, though retired long ago, I remember and understand something about vibrations. So, I don't believe there is much difference what mechanical force, string vibrations or transducers cause the vibrations of the board. How it will then sound depends a lot on the resonant frequency, natural frequency of the board with how and where the board is fixed in place and where the transducer are located etc.. So a very complicated situation with lots of parameters. Some luthiers use some sort of powder to reveal how a deck vibrates and know from there where to reduce material from to gain desired sound.

Here it seems as if there is a large transducer used in the process of building a new soundboard for an old Steinway. In the 3rd picture:

https://www.reddit.com/r/piano/comments.../#lightbox

Just looks like a metal case to me. But what you wrote before that is very much true.

After testing my own transducer piano I can say that the sonic experience is pretty much the same as a "real" piano but the sound quality/realism and richness of the sound produced by the sample/model is not quite there yet. But we get closer and closer every day.

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

snurrfint wrote:

Just looks like a metal case to me.

OK right, got a bit carried away in the middle of the night. Perhaps someones lunchbox then, equally important. ;-)

Last edited by carro (25-09-2025 20:00)

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

By the way, in your experimentation , did you adjust the soundboard parameters in Pianoteq ?  This is question  I had in mind with respect to the latest Kawai NV12 when coupled with Pianoteq. Given there is the superposition of Pianoteq own modelled soundboard plus the real physical soundboard  this could potentially without adjustments create too much resonance if the 2 soundboards ( model & real) emphasises the same frequencies. Just curious to hear what happen when you outsource completely that part of the sound production chain  to the physical soundboard , by reducing the impedance of soundboard in Pianoteq to zero, which is more or less disabling the soundboard model element ( at least  I am assuming so) .

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

Pianistically wrote:

By the way, in your experimentation , did you adjust the soundboard parameters in Pianoteq ?  This is question  I had in mind with respect to the latest Kawai NV12 when coupled with Pianoteq. Given there is the superposition of Pianoteq own modelled soundboard plus the real physical soundboard  this could potentially without adjustments create too much resonance if the 2 soundboards ( model & real) emphasises the same frequencies. Just curious to hear what happen when you outsource completely that part of the sound production chain  to the physical soundboard , by reducing the impedance of soundboard in Pianoteq to zero, which is more or less disabling the soundboard model element ( at least  I am assuming so) .

Impedence only reduces the length of the sound. Its simulates the sound of a dense/non-flexible soundboard I guess (?).

So, I will feed the "new" pianos soundboard with the sound of a steinway with a bad soundboard, basically.

Unless pianoteq actually starts modeling the vibrations of pianostrings instead of the sound coming out of a piano, I think we will have to live with some frequencies being double amplified. But an EQ can fix that.

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

snurrfint wrote:
Pianistically wrote:

By the way, in your experimentation , did you adjust the soundboard parameters in Pianoteq ?  This is question  I had in mind with respect to the latest Kawai NV12 when coupled with Pianoteq. Given there is the superposition of Pianoteq own modelled soundboard plus the real physical soundboard  this could potentially without adjustments create too much resonance if the 2 soundboards ( model & real) emphasises the same frequencies. Just curious to hear what happen when you outsource completely that part of the sound production chain  to the physical soundboard , by reducing the impedance of soundboard in Pianoteq to zero, which is more or less disabling the soundboard model element ( at least  I am assuming so) .

Impedence only reduces the length of the sound. Its simulates the sound of a dense/non-flexible soundboard I guess (?).

So, I will feed the "new" pianos soundboard with the sound of a steinway with a bad soundboard, basically.

Unless pianoteq actually starts modeling the vibrations of pianostrings instead of the sound coming out of a piano, I think we will have to live with some frequencies being double amplified. But an EQ can fix that.

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

Pianistically wrote:
snurrfint wrote:
Pianistically wrote:

By the way, in your experimentation , did you adjust the soundboard parameters in Pianoteq ?  This is question  I had in mind with respect to the latest Kawai NV12 when coupled with Pianoteq. Given there is the superposition of Pianoteq own modelled soundboard plus the real physical soundboard  this could potentially without adjustments create too much resonance if the 2 soundboards ( model & real) emphasises the same frequencies. Just curious to hear what happen when you outsource completely that part of the sound production chain  to the physical soundboard , by reducing the impedance of soundboard in Pianoteq to zero, which is more or less disabling the soundboard model element ( at least  I am assuming so) .

Impedence only reduces the length of the sound. Its simulates the sound of a dense/non-flexible soundboard I guess (?).

So, I will feed the "new" pianos soundboard with the sound of a steinway with a bad soundboard, basically.

Unless pianoteq actually starts modeling the vibrations of pianostrings instead of the sound coming out of a piano, I think we will have to live with some frequencies being double amplified. But an EQ can fix that.

to be honest , one cannot judge the quality of a new piano until one has tested thoroughly which I imagine it is not the case here .

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

Soundboard test (continued)
I did some tests this afternoon, comparing monitors and soundboards using a Zoom H1 recorder for spectrum measuring. Basic equalisation makes it fairly easy to correct the extremes of the spectrum. The soundboard is perfectly playable, but still a long way from the monitors. Comparing note by note, I find that the sound can be greatly improved using the spectrum profile, but the necessary correction is not the same for all notes, so you have to go through the spectrum profile in ‘note edit’ (pro). It's a lot of work, but interesting to test. I also noticed that I could improve the sound by pressing the centre of the soundboard. I think I need to add bars like those on a real piano.
I am continuing my investigations and, despite all the flaws that still exist, playing with the soundboard is very interesting and more realistic than with the monitors (vibrations, diffusion).
I know I won't get the sound of a the Shigeru or the Steinway, but I just hope to get the sound of a customised piano that comes close to a real little piano.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

Pianistically wrote:

Impedence only reduces the length of the sound. Its simulates the sound of a dense/non-flexible soundboard I guess (?).

Sorry, I didn't reply specifically to the point you made about impedance. Decay of sound duration is just one the  consequences of efficient transfer of energy between the strings and  the soundboard .  But the impedance does more than that.The Impedance in audio acoustics is a measure of resistance to the flow from one device to another . In piano acoustics , the impedance of the soundboard characterises how efficiently the strings vibrations energy is transmitted  via the bridge, to the soundbooard. Having read many articles on the subject , in particular from PHD Juliette Chabassier who contributed to the development of Pianoteq, It is supposedly the most complex area of modelling . The reason I mention to test with a null impedance is that in theory you need the impedances  of the strings & soundboard to match . Therefore a null impedance would mean that  the soundboard would act a a short circuit. However and this is why I mentioned in my original post  'I was assuming it' , the actual value of the impedance of the soundboard in Pianoteq design parameters may just a proxy value that doesn't represent the actual value of either the physical soundboard modelled or the real efficiency from 0 to max value of the real energy transfer.

Last edited by Pianistically (27-09-2025 14:01)

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

YvesTh wrote:

Soundboard test (continued)
I did some tests this afternoon, comparing monitors and soundboards using a Zoom H1 recorder for spectrum measuring. Basic equalisation makes it fairly easy to correct the extremes of the spectrum. The soundboard is perfectly playable, but still a long way from the monitors. Comparing note by note, I find that the sound can be greatly improved using the spectrum profile, but the necessary correction is not the same for all notes, so you have to go through the spectrum profile in ‘note edit’ (pro). It's a lot of work, but interesting to test. I also noticed that I could improve the sound by pressing the centre of the soundboard. I think I need to add bars like those on a real piano.
I am continuing my investigations and, despite all the flaws that still exist, playing with the soundboard is very interesting and more realistic than with the monitors (vibrations, diffusion).
I know I won't get the sound of a the Shigeru or the Steinway, but I just hope to get the sound of a customised piano that comes close to a real little piano.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

Keep us updated Yves. Bars may improve the sound, but Im not sure. I think they are added for stability reasons mostly, but they may shape the properties of the soundboard and what frequencies they produce. I still think that replacing the material of the soundboard will make the most difference, but it's worth exploring the current setup in more detail first. I keep my fingers crossed.

I was tempted to remove the bars and see how it changed the sound, but then I figured they were there for a reason, and that they where attached with both glue and screws, and not only scews as I originally thought.

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

Pianistically wrote:
Pianistically wrote:

Impedence only reduces the length of the sound. Its simulates the sound of a dense/non-flexible soundboard I guess (?).

Sorry, I didn't reply specifically to the point you made about impedance. Decay of sound duration is just one the  consequences of efficient transfer of energy between the strings and  the soundboard .  But the impedance does more than that.The Impedance in audio acoustics is a measure of resistance to the flow from one device to another . In piano acoustics , the impedance of the soundboard characterises how efficiently the strings vibrations energy is transmitted  via the bridge, to the soundbooard. Having read many articles on the subject , in particular from PHD Juliette Chabassier who contributed to the development of Pianoteq, It is supposedly the most complex area of modelling . The reason I mention to test with a null impedance is that in theory you need the impedances  of the strings & soundboard to match . Therefore a null impedance would mean that  the soundboard would act a a short circuit. However and this is why I mentioned in my original post  'I was assuming it' , the actual value of the impedance of the soundboard in Pianoteq design parameters may just a proxy value that doesn't represent the actual value of either the physical soundboard modelled or the real efficiency from 0 to max value of the real energy transfer.

Im not sure I understand what you are trying to say. If you reduce the energy transfer from X to 0, you would get absolutely no sound, right? If you don't count the mechanical sounds the keys are doing while playing.

Transducers on a soundboard is basically just a very large speaker. It will behave just like bookshelf speakers and headphones will. The only difference is that the speaker element is replaced with a piano soundboard, so you will get a very realistic experience, when it comes to the sonic perception of actually beeing in front of a real piano. Since the speaker element is so big, the sound does not appear to come from a specific point, but surrounds you in a very piano like fashion, and the piano will vibrate in a more pianolike fashion too. Placement of the transducer, the type of wood used, thickness of the soundboard and other parameters will effect what frequencies are amplified. Each transducer piano will have its own character in that sense, just like real pianos, and regular speakers too but to a lesser degree.

Last edited by snurrfint (27-09-2025 21:41)

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

snurrfint wrote:
Pianistically wrote:
Pianistically wrote:

Impedence only reduces the length of the sound. Its simulates the sound of a dense/non-flexible soundboard I guess (?).

Sorry, I didn't reply specifically to the point you made about impedance. Decay of sound duration is just one the  consequences of efficient transfer of energy between the strings and  the soundboard .  But the impedance does more than that.The Impedance in audio acoustics is a measure of resistance to the flow from one device to another . In piano acoustics , the impedance of the soundboard characterises how efficiently the strings vibrations energy is transmitted  via the bridge, to the soundbooard. Having read many articles on the subject , in particular from PHD Juliette Chabassier who contributed to the development of Pianoteq, It is supposedly the most complex area of modelling . The reason I mention to test with a null impedance is that in theory you need the impedances  of the strings & soundboard to match . Therefore a null impedance would mean that  the soundboard would act a a short circuit. However and this is why I mentioned in my original post  'I was assuming it' , the actual value of the impedance of the soundboard in Pianoteq design parameters may just a proxy value that doesn't represent the actual value of either the physical soundboard modelled or the real efficiency from 0 to max value of the real energy transfer.

Im not sure I understand what you are trying to say. If you reduce the energy transfer from X to 0, you would get absolutely no sound, right? If you don't count the mechanical sounds the keys are doing while playing.

Transducers on a soundboard is basically just a very large speaker. It will behave just like bookshelf speakers and headphones will. The only difference is that the speaker element is replaced with a piano soundboard, so you will get a very realistic experience, when it comes to the sonic perception of actually beeing in front of a real piano. Since the speaker element is so big, the sound does not appear to come from a specific point, but surrounds you in a very piano like fashion, and the piano will vibrate in a more pianolike fashion too. Placement of the transducer, the type of wood used, thickness of the soundboard and other parameters will effect what frequencies are amplified. Each transducer piano will have its own character in that sense, just like real pianos, and regular speakers too but to a lesser degree.

You would get the basic resonance from the cabinet and strings so a very thin + noises in absence of soundboard which is more or less what you get wench you nullify the impedance.

Standard  speakers are basically conventional cone speakers  and cannot be compared and do not  respond like a vibrating acoustic soundboard , they are just reproducing the audio signal. A traditional cone speaker pushes air directly as the cones moves back and forth while a soundboard works by resonating in multiple dimensions. The resulting resonances, sympathetic vibrations are unique. 

So in a nutshell, yes standard speakers and soundboard achieve the same role in the overall sound production chain, but the 'how' is done is quite is quite different as the physics are different and I think the analogy very often made such as ' a soundboard is just a big speaker'  is over simplifying the different nature of these two devices.

The resonance of the soundboard plays a huge fundamental part in the making of the sound of an acoustic piano.  The point I was trying to make is that if you keep modelled soundboard resonance within standard pianoteq engine + resonance of a real soundboard instead of traditional DP speakers , you may end up with two much resonance and overtones hence the idea of bypassing that element (soundboard) in the engine itself as it seems to me that there is no need to model it given in this scenario the device exists physically .

Last edited by Pianistically (Yesterday 09:12)

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

Pianistically wrote:
snurrfint wrote:
Pianistically wrote:

Sorry, I didn't reply specifically to the point you made about impedance. Decay of sound duration is just one the  consequences of efficient transfer of energy between the strings and  the soundboard .  But the impedance does more than that.The Impedance in audio acoustics is a measure of resistance to the flow from one device to another . In piano acoustics , the impedance of the soundboard characterises how efficiently the strings vibrations energy is transmitted  via the bridge, to the soundbooard. Having read many articles on the subject , in particular from PHD Juliette Chabassier who contributed to the development of Pianoteq, It is supposedly the most complex area of modelling . The reason I mention to test with a null impedance is that in theory you need the impedances  of the strings & soundboard to match . Therefore a null impedance would mean that  the soundboard would act a a short circuit. However and this is why I mentioned in my original post  'I was assuming it' , the actual value of the impedance of the soundboard in Pianoteq design parameters may just a proxy value that doesn't represent the actual value of either the physical soundboard modelled or the real efficiency from 0 to max value of the real energy transfer.

Im not sure I understand what you are trying to say. If you reduce the energy transfer from X to 0, you would get absolutely no sound, right? If you don't count the mechanical sounds the keys are doing while playing.

Transducers on a soundboard is basically just a very large speaker. It will behave just like bookshelf speakers and headphones will. The only difference is that the speaker element is replaced with a piano soundboard, so you will get a very realistic experience, when it comes to the sonic perception of actually beeing in front of a real piano. Since the speaker element is so big, the sound does not appear to come from a specific point, but surrounds you in a very piano like fashion, and the piano will vibrate in a more pianolike fashion too. Placement of the transducer, the type of wood used, thickness of the soundboard and other parameters will effect what frequencies are amplified. Each transducer piano will have its own character in that sense, just like real pianos, and regular speakers too but to a lesser degree.

You would get the basic resonance from the cabinet and strings so a very thin + noises in absence of soundboard which is more or less what you get wench you nullify the impedance.

Standard  speakers are basically conventional cone speakers  and cannot be compared and do not  respond like a vibrating acoustic soundboard , they are just reproducing the audio signal. A traditional cone speaker pushes air directly as the cones moves back and forth while a soundboard works by resonating in multiple dimensions. The resulting resonances, sympathetic vibrations are unique. 

So in a nutshell, yes standard speakers and soundboard achieve the same role in the overall sound production chain, but the 'how' is done is quite is quite different as the physics are different and I think the analogy very often made such as ' a soundboard is just a big speaker'  is over simplifying the different nature of these two devices.

The resonance of the soundboard plays a huge fundamental part in the making of the sound of an acoustic piano.  The point I was trying to make is that if you keep modelled soundboard resonance within standard pianoteq engine + resonance of a real soundboard instead of traditional DP speakers , you may end up with two much resonance and overtones hence the idea of bypassing that element (soundboard) in the engine itself as it seems to me that there is no need to model it given in this scenario the device exists physically .

Now I understand more what you are trying to say. Thanks for the clarification, and I largely agree with what you say. One thing to note is that a soundboard also pushes air directly just like a speaker membrane does. Soundwaves are just vibrations in the air after all.

And yes, a soundboard may amplify some overtones and frequencies twice, and reduce others by the nature of the material used, which is something you want to embrace, not work agains imo.

You can analyze the frequency spectrum of any piano soundboard and work out its properties and then use advanced EQ to get a very even output. One that is not amplifying or reducing any frequencies. But I lack the equipment and frankly don't really care to much, as long as Im satisfied with the end-result, which I am. I use an EQ to lower some of the frequencies that my ears are sensitive to, and in other ways to shape the sound to my liking. Thats typically enough. Im not in the business of trying to replicate the exact Stainway piano that pianoteq sampled their reference sounds from, but it might be fun experiment for someone else.

Im also one of those who rather play a character-piano than a well regulated 9 foot grand, so if my piano soundboard changes the sound in any way that adds character to it, im all for it, as long as the sound is pleasant and not harsh in any way.

Thanks for insightful comments.

Last edited by snurrfint (Today 07:59)

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

snurrfint wrote:
Pianistically wrote:
snurrfint wrote:

Im not sure I understand what you are trying to say. If you reduce the energy transfer from X to 0, you would get absolutely no sound, right? If you don't count the mechanical sounds the keys are doing while playing.

Transducers on a soundboard is basically just a very large speaker. It will behave just like bookshelf speakers and headphones will. The only difference is that the speaker element is replaced with a piano soundboard, so you will get a very realistic experience, when it comes to the sonic perception of actually beeing in front of a real piano. Since the speaker element is so big, the sound does not appear to come from a specific point, but surrounds you in a very piano like fashion, and the piano will vibrate in a more pianolike fashion too. Placement of the transducer, the type of wood used, thickness of the soundboard and other parameters will effect what frequencies are amplified. Each transducer piano will have its own character in that sense, just like real pianos, and regular speakers too but to a lesser degree.

You would get the basic resonance from the cabinet and strings so a very thin + noises in absence of soundboard which is more or less what you get wench you nullify the impedance.

Standard  speakers are basically conventional cone speakers  and cannot be compared and do not  respond like a vibrating acoustic soundboard , they are just reproducing the audio signal. A traditional cone speaker pushes air directly as the cones moves back and forth while a soundboard works by resonating in multiple dimensions. The resulting resonances, sympathetic vibrations are unique. 

So in a nutshell, yes standard speakers and soundboard achieve the same role in the overall sound production chain, but the 'how' is done is quite is quite different as the physics are different and I think the analogy very often made such as ' a soundboard is just a big speaker'  is over simplifying the different nature of these two devices.

The resonance of the soundboard plays a huge fundamental part in the making of the sound of an acoustic piano.  The point I was trying to make is that if you keep modelled soundboard resonance within standard pianoteq engine + resonance of a real soundboard instead of traditional DP speakers , you may end up with two much resonance and overtones hence the idea of bypassing that element (soundboard) in the engine itself as it seems to me that there is no need to model it given in this scenario the device exists physically .


And yes, a soundboard may amplify some overtones and frequencies twice, and reduce others by the nature of the material used, which is something you want to embrace, not work agains imo.


Im also one of those who rather play a character-piano than a well regulated 9 foot grand, so if my piano soundboard changes the sound in any way that adds character to it, im all for it, as long as the sound is pleasant and not harsh in any way.

Actually I fully agree with that and thanks for sharing your experience. I enjoyed the conversation ! Cheers

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

snurrfint wrote:

You can analyze the frequency spectrum of any piano soundboard and work out its properties and then use advanced EQ to get a very even output. One that is not amplifying or reducing any frequencies. But I lack the equipment and frankly don't really care to much, as long as Im satisfied with the end-result, which I am. I use an EQ to lower some of the frequencies that my ears are sensitive to, and in other ways to shape the sound to my liking. Thats typically enough. Im not in the business of trying to replicate the exact Stainway piano that pianoteq sampled their reference sounds from, but it might be fun experiment for someone else.

Im also one of those who rather play a character-piano than a well regulated 9 foot grand, so if my piano soundboard changes the sound in any way that adds character to it, im all for it, as long as the sound is pleasant and not harsh in any way.

Thanks for insightful comments.

You are satisfied with the result, which is also my goal. Does the sound you get sound more like an upright piano (since your soundboard is that of an upright piano), or does Pianoteq still allow you to get the sound of a grand piano, even if it is poorly regulated? I am not fan of upright sound... thanks

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

YvesTh wrote:
snurrfint wrote:

You can analyze the frequency spectrum of any piano soundboard and work out its properties and then use advanced EQ to get a very even output. One that is not amplifying or reducing any frequencies. But I lack the equipment and frankly don't really care to much, as long as Im satisfied with the end-result, which I am. I use an EQ to lower some of the frequencies that my ears are sensitive to, and in other ways to shape the sound to my liking. Thats typically enough. Im not in the business of trying to replicate the exact Stainway piano that pianoteq sampled their reference sounds from, but it might be fun experiment for someone else.

Im also one of those who rather play a character-piano than a well regulated 9 foot grand, so if my piano soundboard changes the sound in any way that adds character to it, im all for it, as long as the sound is pleasant and not harsh in any way.

Thanks for insightful comments.

You are satisfied with the result, which is also my goal. Does the sound you get sound more like an upright piano (since your soundboard is that of an upright piano), or does Pianoteq still allow you to get the sound of a grand piano, even if it is poorly regulated? I am not fan of upright sound... thanks

Its very much capable of sounding like a grand. No problem. I'd say it does a better job in that regard than regular speakers.

The biggest difference with uprights and grands in terms of character is the string length, which pianoteq allows you to configure. A longer string vibrates more evenly and has longer sustain. A grand produces a long, even and refined sound, in contrast to the uprights shorter more characterful uneven sound. The biggest difference is in the bass strings and at the very top.

The bigger soundboard of a grand mostly makes the sound larger, even though the soundboard is typically of higher quality and has been chosen more carefully by the manufacturer than lets say the soundboard of a cheeper upright.

A grand pianos original purpose is to be able to produce enough sound on stage to compete with a symphony orchestra in a large concert hall. Thats why its so big and its shape is that of a big megaphone, designed to direct the sound out to the audience with as much clarity as possible.

Re: Pha-4 standard in a wooden cabinet... experience

snurrfint wrote:
YvesTh wrote:
snurrfint wrote:

You can analyze the frequency spectrum of any piano soundboard and work out its properties and then use advanced EQ to get a very even output. One that is not amplifying or reducing any frequencies. But I lack the equipment and frankly don't really care to much, as long as Im satisfied with the end-result, which I am. I use an EQ to lower some of the frequencies that my ears are sensitive to, and in other ways to shape the sound to my liking. Thats typically enough. Im not in the business of trying to replicate the exact Stainway piano that pianoteq sampled their reference sounds from, but it might be fun experiment for someone else.

Im also one of those who rather play a character-piano than a well regulated 9 foot grand, so if my piano soundboard changes the sound in any way that adds character to it, im all for it, as long as the sound is pleasant and not harsh in any way.

Thanks for insightful comments.

You are satisfied with the result, which is also my goal. Does the sound you get sound more like an upright piano (since your soundboard is that of an upright piano), or does Pianoteq still allow you to get the sound of a grand piano, even if it is poorly regulated? I am not fan of upright sound... thanks

Its very much capable of sounding like a grand. No problem. I'd say it does a better job in that regard than regular speakers.

The biggest difference with uprights and grands in terms of character is the string length, which pianoteq allows you to configure. A longer string vibrates more evenly and has longer sustain. A grand produces a long, even and refined sound, in contrast to the uprights shorter more characterful uneven sound. The biggest difference is in the bass strings and at the very top.

The bigger soundboard of a grand mostly makes the sound larger, even though the soundboard is typically of higher quality and has been chosen more carefully by the manufacturer than lets say the soundboard of a cheeper upright.

A grand pianos original purpose is to be able to produce enough sound on stage to compete with a symphony orchestra in a large concert hall. Thats why its so big and its shape is that of a big megaphone, designed to direct the sound out to the audience with as much clarity as possible.

Thank you, I was indeed thinking about low notes and their lesser inharmonicity due to their length. I will continue my experiments on my side.